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Chasing ideas across ML, AI, and data. Building tools when the rabbit hole gets interesting enough.
Editor's picks
uv: the Python tool that replaces pip, venv, and pyenv
uv is Astral's Rust-written Python tool that folds pip, venv, pyenv, and pipx into one command — and installs packages several times faster. What it replaces, how fast it really is, and whether you should switch.
uv 是什麼？把 pip、venv、pyenv 收進一個指令
uv 是 Astral 用 Rust 寫的 Python 套件工具，把 pip、venv、pyenv、pipx 收進同一個指令，安裝又快上好幾倍。聊一下它取代了哪些東西、快多少，還有要不要換。
Python要花點腦
Python f-string：你可能只用到一半
f-string 不只是 f"{變數}"。冒號後面的格式設定、3.8 的 = 自我說明、3.12（PEP 701）鬆綁的同引號巢狀與跨行，一層一層看完，順便聊什麼時候別用它。
Python要花點腦
Python lambda 什麼時候該用、什麼時候別用
lambda 語法五分鐘學得會，難的是什麼時候用。聊它真正的家（sorted 的 key=）、PEP 8 為什麼叫你別把它綁給變數，還有迴圈裡三個 lambda 都回同一個值的陷阱。
Does Saying 'Thank You' to ChatGPT Actually Cost Anything?
Sam Altman said people saying 'please' and 'thank you' to ChatGPT costs OpenAI tens of millions. I measured it with a tokenizer: your 'thanks' is two tokens. The real cost is the whole reply it forces.
跟 AI 說「請」和「謝謝」，到底有沒有差？
Sam Altman 說大家對 ChatGPT 講禮貌，燒掉 OpenAI 幾千萬美元。我用 tokenizer 實際量了一次：你那句「謝謝」只值兩個 token，真正貴的是它叫醒的整台機器。
AI 寫 code 為什麼又搬回終端機了
這兩年 AI 寫 code 的重心，悄悄從嵌在 IDE 裡的補全，搬回了終端機（Claude Code、Codex CLI 那一類）。我覺得這不是復古，是因為 agent 變成一個「你不盯著看的 process」，而終端機本來就是為這種東西設計的。
Why coding agents are moving back to the terminal
The coding agents developers reach for now — Claude Code, Codex CLI, Aider — are terminal programs, not IDE plugins. The reason isn't nostalgia: an IDE is built around a human at the keyboard, the terminal around processes you don't babysit. When AI coding became a job instead of a keystroke, it moved home.
Why Does AI Forget What You Said Earlier?
Chat with an AI long enough and it ignores the rules you set up top; open a new chat and it's blank. It isn't 'forgetting' — it has no memory. Every reply, it re-reads the whole conversation from scratch. Here's what the context window is, and how it differs from ChatGPT's 'memory' feature.
為什麼 AI 會忘記我前面說過的話？
跟 AI 聊久了，它就忘記你開頭交代的事；開新對話更是整個忘光。其實它不是「忘記」，是它根本沒有記憶——每次回你都是把整段對話重讀一遍。用一個失憶但讀很快的人的畫面，聊聊 context window 是什麼，還有它跟 ChatGPT 那個「記憶」功能差在哪。